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Work and employment

Employment contract, salary, unemployment, trade unions, labour tribunal (prud'hommes): your rights and procedures at work.

24 questions · Updated on 2026-10-28

In the exam, the questions are in French: the translation is an aid to help you understand.

Certains métiers peuvent-ils être réservés aux hommes ?

Can some jobs be reserved for men?

  1. Oui, les métiers physiquesYes, physical jobs
  2. Oui, dans l'armée et la policeYes, in the army and the police
  3. AnswerNon, les femmes et les hommes ont les mêmes droitsNo, women and men have the same rights
  4. Oui, si l'employeur le décide et l'écrit dans le contratYes, if the employer decides so and writes it in the contract
Explanation Since the Preamble to the 1946 Constitution, "the law guarantees women equal rights to those of men in all spheres". Refusing a job to a woman because of her sex is discrimination.

Source : L'égalité (2/3) · Official lists: CSP

Un employeur refuse d’embaucher des femmes dans son entreprise. Que dit la loi ?

An employer refuses to hire women in his company. What does the law say?

  1. AnswerC'est une discrimination punie par la loiIt is discrimination punished by law
  2. C'est son droit, l'entreprise lui appartientIt is his right, the company is his
  3. C'est permis dans les petites entreprisesIt is allowed in small companies
  4. C'est permis si le travail est physiqueIt is allowed if the work is physical
Explanation Refusing to hire someone because of their sex is forbidden discrimination. Sex is one of the more than 26 grounds recognised by law. The offender faces a fine, and prison for a repeat offence.

Source : L'égalité (3/3) · Official lists: CR

Le travail non déclaré est :

Undeclared work is:

  1. Autorisé pendant la période d'essaiAllowed during the trial period
  2. Toléré pour les petits emplois d'étéTolerated for small summer jobs
  3. Autorisé si le salarié est d'accordAllowed if the employee agrees
  4. AnswerInterdit par la loiProhibited by law
Explanation Undeclared (or concealed) work is illegal. The employer risks up to 3 years in prison and a €45,000 fine. The employee pays no contributions towards unemployment benefits or a pension.

Source : Le droit du travail (5/5) · Official lists: CSP

Que doit faire un employeur pour fixer un salaire ?

What must an employer do when setting a salary?

  1. Le choisir librement, même en dessous du SMICChoose it freely, even below the SMIC
  2. Demander l'accord de la mairieAsk the town hall for approval
  3. AnswerRespecter au moins le SMICPay at least the minimum wage (SMIC)
  4. Payer les femmes moins que les hommesPay women less than men
Explanation Paying less than the SMIC is forbidden. A collective agreement may set a higher minimum for some jobs. With each payment, the employer must hand over a payslip (bulletin de paie).

Source : Le droit du travail (2/5) · Official lists: CSP

Qu'est-ce que le SMIC ?

What is the SMIC?

  1. Une aide pour les personnes sans emploiA benefit for people without a job
  2. AnswerLe salaire minimum en FranceThe minimum wage in France
  3. Une prime versée en fin d'annéeA bonus paid at the end of the year
  4. Un impôt prélevé sur chaque salaireA tax deducted from every salary
Explanation SMIC stands for 'growth-indexed minimum wage'. No employee may be paid less. It is about €1,800 gross a month for a 35-hour full-time job and is raised every year.

Source : Le droit du travail (2/5) · Official lists: CSP, Naturalisation

Quelle est la première démarche à réaliser pour chercher un emploi ?

What is the first step to take when looking for a job?

  1. Demander une autorisation à la mairieAsk the town hall for permission
  2. Créer une entreprise à son nomSet up a company in your own name
  3. Attendre d'avoir la nationalité françaiseWait until you have French nationality
  4. AnswerS'inscrire à France TravailRegister with France Travail
Explanation France Travail (formerly Pôle emploi) helps people find a job or training. Every foreign national legally resident and without work must register, on francetravail.fr.

Source : Orientation (1/5) · Official lists: CSP, Naturalisation

Quelle est la durée légale du temps de travail par semaine ?

What is the legal working time per week?

  1. 40 heures40 hours
  2. Answer35 heures35 hours
  3. 48 heures48 hours
  4. 39 heures39 hours
Explanation The legal reference is 35 hours a week for full-time work. Beyond that, hours are overtime, paid or taken back as time off. Working more than 48 hours in a week is not allowed.

Source : Le droit du travail (1/5) · Official lists: CSP, Naturalisation

Qui est aidé par France Travail ?

Who does France Travail help?

  1. AnswerLes personnes qui cherchent un emploiPeople looking for a job
  2. Seulement les jeunes de moins de 25 ansOnly young people under 25
  3. Uniquement les personnes de nationalité françaiseOnly people with French nationality
  4. Uniquement les chefs d'entrepriseOnly business owners
Explanation France Travail helps people looking for a job or training, and also companies that are hiring. Young people aged 16 to 25 can also get help from the Missions locales.

Source : Orientation (5/5) · Official lists: CSP

Une personne étrangère en situation régulière peut créer son entreprise :

A foreign national who is legally resident can set up their own business:

  1. Seulement avec un associé de nationalité françaiseOnly with a business partner of French nationality
  2. Seulement après 10 ans de résidence en FranceOnly after living in France for 10 years
  3. AnswerMême sans avoir la nationalité françaiseEven without French nationality
  4. Seulement s'il a un diplôme françaisOnly if they hold a French diploma
Explanation You can set up a business in France without being French. No diploma is required, except for some trades (e.g. hairdressing). Support exists, such as the ACRE, an aid for starting or taking over a business.

Source : Types d'emploi (3/3) · Official lists: CSP

Une femme peut-elle créer son entreprise ?

Can a woman set up her own business?

  1. Oui, mais avec l'accord de son mariYes, but with her husband's consent
  2. Non, c'est réservé aux hommesNo, that is reserved for men
  3. Oui, mais seulement avec un associé hommeYes, but only with a male partner
  4. AnswerOui, comme un hommeYes, just like a man
Explanation Women and men have the same rights: a woman sets up her business freely, without anyone's consent. Since 1965, a married woman has also been able to work without her husband's permission.

Source : Types d'emploi (3/3) · Official lists: CSP, Naturalisation

À partir de quel âge un mineur peut-il travailler ?

From what age can a minor work?

  1. Seulement à partir de 18 ansOnly from age 18
  2. À partir de 10 ansFrom age 10
  3. AnswerÀ partir de 16 ansFrom age 16
  4. À partir de 12 ansFrom age 12
Explanation You can work from 16, the age when school stops being compulsory. A minor needs permission from their legal guardian (father or mother, for example), unless they are emancipated.

Source : Le droit du travail (1/5) · Official lists: CSP

Qui peut demander un congé parental d'éducation ?

Who can apply for parental leave (congé parental d'éducation)?

  1. AnswerLe père comme la mèreThe father as well as the mother
  2. Seulement la mèreOnly the mother
  3. Seulement le pèreOnly the father
  4. Seulement les parents mariésOnly married parents
Explanation Parental leave is open to both parents, at the same time or one after the other. You usually need at least one year's service with the employer. It can last until the child turns 3.

Source : Service-Public.fr · Official lists: CR, Naturalisation

Quelles sont les affaires traitées par le conseil de prud'hommes ?

What cases does the employment tribunal (conseil de prud'hommes) deal with?

  1. Les infractions au Code de la routeTraffic offences
  2. Les conflits entre voisins d'un même immeubleDisputes between neighbours in the same building
  3. AnswerLes conflits entre un salarié et son employeurDisputes between an employee and their employer
  4. Les demandes de divorceDivorce petitions
Explanation The conseil de prud'hommes rules on disputes about the employment contract (dismissal, pay…). It can order the employer to pay the employee compensation or to take them back.

Source : Le droit du travail (2/5) · Official lists: CR, Naturalisation

Travailler sans être déclaré est :

Working without being declared is:

  1. AnswerIllégal et risqué pour le salariéIllegal and risky for the employee
  2. Autorisé pour les étrangers en situation régulièreAllowed for legally resident foreigners
  3. Obligatoire pendant les trois premiers moisCompulsory for the first three months
  4. Légal si le salaire est payé en espècesLegal if the wages are paid in cash
Explanation Undeclared work is forbidden. An undeclared employee has no social security cover for workplace accidents and no paid holidays. They can be dismissed overnight and may have to pay back social benefits.

Source : Le droit du travail (5/5) · Official lists: CR, Naturalisation

Lorsqu'un employeur veut qu'un salarié travaille plus longtemps que la durée prévue dans le contrat de travail :

When an employer wants an employee to work longer than the hours set in the employment contract:

  1. Le salarié perd une partie de ses congés payésThe employee loses part of their paid leave
  2. L'employeur doit d'abord obtenir l'accord de la mairieThe employer must first get the town hall's approval
  3. Le salarié doit faire ces heures gratuitementThe employee must work those hours for free
  4. AnswerCes heures en plus doivent être payées ou récupéréesThe extra hours must be paid or given back as time off
Explanation Hours beyond the agreed time (35 hours for full-time) are overtime: the employer must pay them, at a higher rate, or let the employee take time off instead. There is also a maximum working time.

Source : Le droit du travail (1/5) · Official lists: CR

Quelle est la mission de France Travail ?

What is France Travail's mission?

  1. Verser les allocations familialesPaying family allowances
  2. AnswerAider à trouver un emploi ou une formationHelping people find a job or training
  3. Délivrer les titres de séjourIssuing residence permits
  4. Contrôler les impôts des salariésChecking employees' taxes
Explanation France Travail supports job seekers and helps companies recruit. Its website is the reference for finding work: about 160,000 job offers are updated there every day.

Source : Recrutement (1/3) · Official lists: CR

Dans une entreprise, le droit syndical permet :

In a company, the right to unionise allows:

  1. AnswerDe créer un syndicat ou d'y adhérer librementFreely creating or joining a union
  2. Au patron de choisir les délégués du personnelThe boss to choose the staff representatives
  3. D'obliger chaque salarié à rejoindre un syndicatForcing every employee to join a union
  4. De ne plus payer de cotisations socialesNo longer paying social contributions
Explanation In France, every employee can create, join or take part in a union. A union defends workers' rights (pay, working conditions, safety). Nobody can force or punish an employee for this.

Source : Le droit du travail (2/5) · Official lists: CR

Dans une entreprise, le droit de grève autorise :

In a company, the right to strike allows:

  1. De continuer à être payé pendant l'arrêt de travailContinuing to be paid while not working
  2. D'empêcher les autres salariés d'entrer travaillerPreventing other employees from going in to work
  3. AnswerD'arrêter le travail pour défendre des revendicationsStopping work to back demands
  4. D'abîmer le matériel de l'entrepriseDamaging company equipment
Explanation Striking is a right guaranteed by the Constitution: employees stop work together to support work-related demands. Strike hours are not paid, but the payslip must not mention them.

Source : Le droit du travail (2/5) · Official lists: CR

Quelles sont les conditions pour toucher les allocations chômage ?

What are the conditions for receiving unemployment benefits?

  1. Avoir démissionné, quel que soit le motifHaving resigned, whatever the reason
  2. AnswerAvoir assez travaillé et perdu son emploi sans l'avoir vouluHaving worked long enough and lost your job involuntarily
  3. Avoir plus de 50 ansBeing over 50
  4. Être de nationalité françaiseBeing a French national
Explanation You must have worked a minimum period (usually 6 months in the last 24), have lost your job involuntarily (dismissal, end of a fixed-term contract…), be registered with France Travail and be looking for work.

Source : Service-Public.fr · Official lists: CR

Une personne étrangère, en situation régulière, peut créer son entreprise :

A foreign national, legally resident, can set up their own business:

  1. AnswerComme un Français, en suivant les démarchesLike a French citizen, by following the procedures
  2. Uniquement dans le secteur de la restaurationOnly in the restaurant sector
  3. Jamais, c'est réservé aux FrançaisNever, that is reserved for French citizens
  4. Uniquement s'il est marié à une personne françaiseOnly if married to a French person
Explanation Nationality is not required to set up a business. The steps: choose an address, draw up the articles, register the company (immatriculation) and publish a legal notice. Associations help everywhere in France.

Source : Types d'emploi (3/3) · Official lists: Naturalisation

Quels sont les textes qui définissent les règles au travail ?

Which texts set the rules at work?

  1. Le Code de la routeThe highway code
  2. AnswerLe Code du travail et les conventions collectivesThe Labour Code and collective agreements
  3. Le règlement de copropriété de l'immeubleThe building's co-ownership rules
  4. Les règles choisies par chaque salariéRules chosen by each employee
Explanation The Labour Code sets rules for everyone (contract, working conditions, pay). Collective agreements adapt them to a sector. Companies with at least 50 employees also have internal rules (règlement intérieur).

Source : Le droit du travail (1/5) · Official lists: Naturalisation

Qui a le droit de se syndiquer ?

Who has the right to join a union?

  1. Seulement les salariés de nationalité françaiseOnly employees with French nationality
  2. Seulement les salariés en CDI depuis 5 ansOnly employees on a permanent contract for 5 years
  3. AnswerTous les salariésAll employees
  4. Seulement les cadres et les chefs d'équipeOnly managers and team leaders
Explanation In France, every employee has the right to join a union, whatever their nationality or contract. No one can force them to, and no one can punish them for being a union member.

Source : Le droit du travail (2/5) · Official lists: Naturalisation

Est-il possible de licencier une femme enceinte ou en congé maternité, en raison de sa grossesse ?

Can a pregnant woman, or a woman on maternity leave, be dismissed because of her pregnancy?

  1. Oui, à partir du sixième mois de grossesseYes, from the sixth month of pregnancy
  2. AnswerNon, c'est interditNo, it is forbidden
  3. Oui, si elle travaille en CDDYes, if she is on a fixed-term contract
  4. Oui, si l'employeur le décideYes, if the employer decides so
Explanation Dismissing a woman because of her pregnancy is forbidden discrimination. The employee is protected during pregnancy, maternity leave and the following weeks. She can contact the labour inspectorate.

Source : Le droit du travail (3/5) · Official lists: Naturalisation

Depuis le 1er juillet 2021, quelle est la durée du congé paternité ?

Since 1 July 2021, how long is paternity leave?

  1. 11 jours, plus 3 jours de congé de naissance11 days, plus 3 days of birth leave
  2. Answer25 jours, plus 3 jours de congé de naissance25 days, plus 3 days of birth leave
  3. 3 jours seulementOnly 3 days
  4. 6 mois, comme le congé maternité6 months, like maternity leave
Explanation Since 1 July 2021, paternity leave is 25 days (32 for multiple births), on top of the 3 days of birth leave: 28 days in total, compared with 14 before. Part of it is compulsory.

Source : Service-Public.fr · Official lists: Naturalisation

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